Hastelloy B-2 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy that is solid solution strengthened, offering exceptional resistance to reducing environments such as hydrogen chloride gas, and acids like sulfuric, acetic, and phosphoric acids. Molybdenum, the primary alloying element, significantly enhances its corrosion resistance in reducing conditions. This nickel steel alloy can be used in its as-welded state, as it prevents the formation of carbide precipitates along the grain boundaries in the weld heat-affected zone. Hastelloy B-2 exhibits outstanding resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures. Additionally, it is highly resistant to pitting, stress corrosion cracking, and both knife-line and heat-affected zone attacks. This alloy also offers resistance to pure sulfuric acid and various non-oxidizing acids.

Characteristics of Hastelloy B-2:

• Great resistance to stress corrosion cracking and pitting
• Significant resistance to reducing conditions like hydrogen chloride, sulfuric, acetic and phosphoric acids
• Resistance to hydrochloric acid at all concentrations and temperatures

Hastelloy B-2 Chemical Composition, %

Ni	Mo	Fe	C	Co	Cr	Mn	Si	P	S
Balance	26.0-30.0	2.0 max	0.02 max	1.0 max	1.0 max	1.0 max	0.10 max	0.04 max	0.030 max

Hastelloy B-2 ASTM Specifications:

Pipe Smls	Pipe Welded	Tube Smls	Tube Welded	Sheet / Plate	Bar	Forging	Fitting
B622	B619	B622	B626	B333	B335	B564	B366

Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy B-2:
Annealed Material

Product Form	Tensile Min. (ksi)	0.2% Yield Min. (ksi)	Elongation Min (%)
Rod & Bar	110	51	40
Sheet/Plate	110	51	40
Welded Pipe & Tube	110	51	40
Seamless Pipe & Tube	110	45	40

Hastelloy B-3 is a nickel-molybdenum alloy known for its outstanding resistance to pitting, corrosion, and stress-corrosion cracking, along with superior thermal stability compared to alloy B-2. This nickel steel alloy also demonstrates excellent resistance to knife-line and heat-affected zone attack. Alloy B-3 is highly resistant to sulfuric, acetic, formic, and phosphoric acids, as well as other non-oxidizing media. Additionally, it provides excellent resistance to hydrochloric acid across all concentrations and temperatures. One of the key features of Hastelloy B-3 is its ability to maintain exceptional ductility when exposed to intermediate temperatures during heat treatments, a condition commonly encountered during fabrication processes.

Hastelloy B-3 Chemical Composition, %:

Ni	Mo	Fe	C	Co	Cr	Mn	Si	Ti	W	Al	Cu
65.0 min	28.5	1.5	0.01 max	3.0 max	1.5	3.0 max	0.10 max	0.2 max	3.0 max	0.50 max	0.20 max

Application of Hastelloy B-3:

• Chemical processes
• Vacuum furnaces
• Mechanical components in reducing environments

Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy B-3:

Annealed Typical

Ultimate tensile strength	125 ksi or 860 Mpa
Yield strength	(0.2% offset) 60 ksi (420 MPa)
Elongation	50 %

Hastelloy C-4 alloy is the most (microstructurally) stable of the widely used nickel-chromium-molybdenum materials, which are well known for their resistance to many aggressive chemicals, in particular hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and chlorides. This stability means that the alloy can be welded without fear of sensitization, i.e. the nucleation and growth of deleterious, second phase precipitates in the grain boundaries of the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ). Like other nickel alloys, it is ductile, easy to form and weld, and possesses exceptional resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride-bearing solutions (a form of degradation to which the austenitic stainless steels are prone). With its high chromium and molybdenum contents, it is able to withstand both oxidizing and non-oxidizing acids, and is resistant to pitting and crevice attack in the presence of chlorides and other halides

Application of Hastelloy C-4:

• Chemical processing

Hastelloy C-4 Chemical Composition, %:

Ni	Co	Cr	Mo	Fe	Mn	Ti	Si	C	Cu
65 Balance	2 max	16	16	3 max	1 max	0.7 max	0.08 max	0.01 max	0.5 max

Hastelloy C22 is a versatile austenitic nickel-chromium-molybdenum-tungsten alloy with enhanced resistance to pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. The high chromium content provides good resistance to oxidizing media while the molybdenum and tungsten content give good resistance to reducing media. This nickel steel alloy also has excellent resistance to oxidizing aqueous media including wet chlorine and mixtures containing nitric acid or oxidizing acids with chlorine ions. Other corrosives Hastelloy C-22 has resistance to are oxidizing acid chlorides, wet chlorine, formic and acetic acids, ferric and cupric chlorides, sea water, brine and many mixed or contaminated chemical solutions, both organic and inorganic. This nickel alloy also offers optimum resistance to environments where reducing and oxidizing conditions are encountered in process streams. This is beneficial in multi- purpose plants where such “upset” conditions occur frequently. This nickel alloy resists the formation of grain-boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process applications in the as-welded condition.

Hastelloy C-22 Chemical Composition, %:

C	Cr	Co	Fe	Mn	Mo	Ni	P	Si	S	W	V
0.010 max	20.0-22.5	2.5 max	2.0-6.0	0.50 max	12.5-14.5	Balance	0.02 max	0.08 max	0.02 max	2.5-3.5	0.35 max

Hastelloy C-276 is a nickel-molybdenum-chromium superalloy with an addition of tungsten designed to have excellent corrosion resistance in a wide range of severe environments. The high nickel and molybdenum contents make the nickel steel alloy especially resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion in reducing environments while chromium conveys resistance to oxidizing media. The low carbon content minimizes carbide precipitation during welding to maintain corrosion resistance in as-welded structures. This nickel alloy is resistant to the formation of grain boundary precipitates in the weld heat-affected zone, thus making it suitable for most chemical process application in an as welded condition.

Hastelloy C-276 Chemical Composition, %:

Ni	Mo	Cr	Fe	W	Co	Mn	C	V	P	S	Ci
Balance	15.0-17.0	14.5-16.5	4.0-7.0	3.0-4.5	2.5 max	1.0 max	0.01 max	0.35 max	0.04 max	0.03 max	0.08 max

Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy C-276:

Product Form	Tensile Min. (ksi)	0.2% Yield Min. (ksi)	Elongation Min (%)
Rod & Bar	110	52.6	62
Sheet/Plate	107.4	50.3	67
Welded Pipe & Tube	115.5	54.6	60
Seamless Pipe & Tube	105.4	45.3	70

A copper-bearing Ni-Cr-Mo material with exceptional resistance to sulfuric acid Hastelloy C-2000 alloy is unique among the versatile nickel-chromium-molybdenum materials in having a deliberate copper addition. This provides greatly enhanced resistance to sulfuric acid. It also has a high chromium content, to maximize its resistance to oxidizing chemicals and process streams contaminated with ferric ions and dissolved oxygen. Like other nickel alloys, it is ductile, easy to form and weld, and possesses exceptional resistance to stress corrosion cracking in chloride-bearing solutions (a form of degradation to which the austenitic stainless steels are prone). It is able to withstand a wide range of oxidizing and non-oxidizing chemicals, and exhibits outstanding resistance to pitting and crevice attack in the presence of chlorides and other halides.

Hastelloy C-2000 Chemical Composition, %:

Ni	Mo	Cr	Fe	Co	Mn	C	Cu	Al	Si
59 Balance	16	23	3 max	2 max	0.5 max	0.01 max	1.6	0.5 max	0.08 max

Hastelloy C-2000 ASTM Specification:

Pipe Smls	Pipe Welded	Tube Smls	Tube Welded	Sheet / Plate	Bar	Forging	Fitting
B622	B619	B622	B626	B575	B574	B564	B366

Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy C-2000:

Tensile strength(@ 1” Thick)	752 MPA or 109000 psi
Yield strength (@68°F, 0.5” thick)	(0.2% offset) 345 MPA or 50000 psi
Elongation at break (0.25” thick)	62 %

Hastelloy X is a nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum superalloy with outstanding high temperature strength, oxidation resistance, and fabricability. Alloy X’s oxidation resistance is excellent up to 2200° F. This nickel steel alloy has also been found to be exceptionally resistant to stress-corrosion cracking in petrochemical applications. Matrix stiffening provided by the molybdenum content results in high strength in a solid-solution alloy having good fabrication characteristics. Although this nickel alloy is primarily noted for heat and oxidation resistance it also has good resistance to chloride stress-corrosion cracking, carburization, and excellent resistance to reducing or carburizing atmospheres. Two common conditions that often lead to early failure in high temperature alloys, carburization and nitriding. Hastelloy X resists.

Hastelloy X Chemical Composition, %:

Ni

Mo

Cr

Fe

W

Co

Mn

C

P

S

Si

Al

Ti

B

Cu

Balance

8.0-10.0

20.5-23.0

17.0-20.0

0.2-1.0

0.5-2.5

1.0 max

0.05-0.15

0.04 max

0.03 max

1.0 max

0.50 max

0.15 max

0.01 max

0.50 max

Hastelloy X ASTM Specification:

Sheet/Plate	Bar
B435	B572

Mechanical Properties of Hastelloy X:

Representative Tensile Properties, sheet

Temp° F	Tensile (psi)	0.2% Yield (psi)	Elongation in 2” (%)
70	1,10,600	54,900	44
1000	89,000	35,600	49
1200	83,000	35,400	54
1400	67,000	34,400	53
1600	45,000	28,200	58